PHP – Login Attempts Limit
In this tutorial I am explaining how to restrict the login after 3 unsuccessful login attempts. After 3 unsuccessful login attempts the user will be banned for next 10 minutes. After the given time period the user can try login again.
You can change the login limit and time according to you.
Demo Code
Step 1 – Create Database
Create new database tgl_login_db.
Step 2 – Import Database
Import attached tg_login_db.sql into the database tgl_login_db.
tg_login_db.sql
# # Table structure for tgl_users table # DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tgl_users; CREATE TABLE tgl_users ( username varchar(30) primary key, password varchar(32) ); # # Table structure for tgl_login_attempts table # DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tgl_login_attempts; CREATE TABLE tgl_login_attempts ( ip varchar(20), attempts int default 0, lastlogin datetime default NULL ); # # Infilling tgl_users table # INSERT INTO tgl_users (username,password) VALUES ('demo','demo'); INSERT INTO tgl_users (username,password) VALUES ('test','test'); INSERT INTO tgl_users (username,password) VALUES ('dharya','dharya'); INSERT INTO tgl_users (username,password) VALUES ('anil','anil'); INSERT INTO tgl_users (username,password) VALUES ('monika','monika');
Step 3 – Create First Folder
Create new folder login-page and add the following files in this folder :-
1. index.php
2. tg_login_process.php
3. tg_style.css
index.php
<?php include("include/tg_session.php"); ?> <html> <title>TechGuru | Demo : Login Attempts</title> <link href="tg_style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <body> <table> <tr> <td> <?php if($session->logged_in){ echo "<h3>Logged In</h3>"; echo "Welcome <b>$session->username</b>, you are logged in. <br><br>"; echo "[ <a href=\"tg_login_process.php\">Logout</a> ]"; }else{ ?> <h3>Login</h3> <?php if($form->num_errors > 0){ echo "<strong><font size=\"2\" color=\"#ff0000\">".$form->error("access")."</font></strong>"; echo "<font size=\"2\" color=\"#ff0000\">".$form->error("attempt")."</font>"; echo "<br><br>"; } ?> <form action="tg_login_process.php" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" name="login_attempt" id="login_attempt"> <table align="left" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"> <tr> <td>Username:</td> <td><input type="text" name="user" maxlength="30" value="<?php echo $form->value("user"); ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Password:</td> <td><input type="password" name="pass" maxlength="30" value="<?php echo $form->value("pass"); ?>" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="left"><input type="checkbox" name="remember" <?php if($form->value("remember") != ""){ echo "checked"; } ?> /> <font size="2">Remember me next time </font> <input type="hidden" name="sublogin" value="1" /> <input type="submit" value="Login" /></td> </tr> </table> </form> <?php echo "</td></tr><tr><td><br><br>"; echo "<hr />"; echo "<h3>Dummy Users:</h3>"; $database->tgl_display_users(); echo "</td></tr><tr><td><br><br>"; echo "<hr />"; echo "<h3>Total Attempts:</h3>"; $database->tgl_display_user_attempts($session->ip); } ?> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>
tg_login_process.php
<?php include("include/tg_session.php"); class tgl_login_process{ function tgl_login_process(){ global $session; if(isset($_POST['sublogin'])){ $this->tgl_proc_Login(); } else if($session->logged_in){ $this->tgl_proc_Logout(); } else{ header("Location: index.php"); } } function tgl_proc_Login(){ global $session, $form; /* Login attempt */ $retval = $session->tgl_login($_POST['user'], $_POST['pass'], isset($_POST['remember'])); /* Login successful */ if($retval){ header("Location: ".$session->referrer); } /* Login failed */ else{ $_SESSION['tgl_value_array'] = $_POST; $_SESSION['tgl_error_array'] = $form->getErrorArray(); header("Location: ".$session->referrer); } } function tgl_proc_Logout(){ global $session; $retval = $session->tgl_logout(); header("Location: index.php"); } }; $process = new tgl_login_process; ?>
tg_style.css
body{ background:#FFF; color:#222; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:10px; line-height:135%; margin:10px 10px 10px 10px; } td{ font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:12px; } td.tgl_table_prop{ /*background-color: #E4EFFF; */ padding: 1px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size : 10pt; text-align: center; } td.tgl_table_head_prop{ background-color:#83A2D0; padding:1px; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:10pt; color:#FFFFFF; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; } h2{ font-size:30px; font-weight:bold; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#165382; border-bottom:dotted; } h3{ font-size:18px; font-weight:bold; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color:#165382; border-bottom:dotted; } a{ font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:10pt; color:#3E84C3; } table{ width:400px; }
Step 4 – Create Second Folder
In the login-page folder, Create a new folder include and add the following files in this folder :-
1. tg_constants.php
2. tg_database.php
3. tg_form.php
4. tg_session.php
tg_constants.php
<?php define("DB_SERVER", "localhost"); define("DB_USER", "root"); define("DB_PASS", ""); define("DB_NAME", "tgl_login_db"); define("TBL_USERS", "tgl_users"); define("TBL_ATTEMPTS", "tgl_login_attempts"); //login attempts - 3 define("ATTEMPTS_NUMBER", "3"); //10 minutes define("TIME_PERIOD", "10"); //30 days define("COOKIE_EXPIRE", 60*60*24*30); define("COOKIE_PATH", "/"); ?>
tg_database.php
<?php include("tg_constants.php"); class TGL_MySQLDB{ //MySQL Connection var $connection; function TGL_MySQLDB(){ $this->connection = mysql_connect(DB_SERVER, DB_USER, DB_PASS) or die(mysql_error()); mysql_select_db(DB_NAME, $this->connection) or die(mysql_error()); } function tgl_confirm_ip_address($value) { $q = "SELECT attempts, (CASE when lastlogin is not NULL and DATE_ADD(LastLogin, INTERVAL ".TIME_PERIOD." MINUTE)>NOW() then 1 else 0 end) as Denied ". " FROM ".TBL_ATTEMPTS." WHERE ip = '$value'"; $result = mysql_query($q, $this->connection); $data = mysql_fetch_array($result); //Verify login attempt in database if (!$data){ return 0; } if ($data["attempts"] >= ATTEMPTS_NUMBER){ if($data["Denied"] == 1){ return 1; }else{ $this->tgl_clear_login_attempts($value); return 0; } } return 0; } function tgl_add_login_attempt($value) { //number of attempts $q = "SELECT * FROM ".TBL_ATTEMPTS." WHERE ip = '$value'"; $result = mysql_query($q, $this->connection); $data = mysql_fetch_array($result); if($data){ $attempts = $data["attempts"]+1; if($attempts==3) { $q = "UPDATE ".TBL_ATTEMPTS." SET attempts=".$attempts.", lastlogin=NOW() WHERE ip = '$value'"; $result = mysql_query($q, $this->connection); }else{ $q = "UPDATE ".TBL_ATTEMPTS." SET attempts=".$attempts." WHERE ip = '$value'"; $result = mysql_query($q, $this->connection); } }else{ $q = "INSERT INTO ".TBL_ATTEMPTS." (attempts,IP,lastlogin) values (1, '$value', NOW())"; $result = mysql_query($q, $this->connection); } } function tgl_confirm_user_pass($username, $password){ /* Add slashes */ if(!get_magic_quotes_gpc()) { $username = addslashes($username); } /* Check - user is in database */ $q = "SELECT password FROM ".TBL_USERS." WHERE username = '$username'"; $result = mysql_query($q, $this->connection); if(!$result || (mysql_numrows($result) < 1)){ return 1; //Failure } /* Retrieve password */ $dbarray = mysql_fetch_array($result); $dbarray['password'] = stripslashes($dbarray['password']); $password = stripslashes($password); /* Validate - password is correct */ if($password == $dbarray['password']){ return 0; //Success }else{ return 1; //Failure } } function tgl_confirm_user_name($username){ /* Add slashes */ if(!get_magic_quotes_gpc()) { $username = addslashes($username); } /* Chjeck - user is in database */ $q = "SELECT * FROM ".TBL_USERS." WHERE username = '$username'"; $result = mysql_query($q, $this->connection); if(!$result || (mysql_numrows($result) < 1)){ return 1; //Failure } return 0; } function tgl_clear_login_attempts($value) { $q = "UPDATE ".TBL_ATTEMPTS." SET attempts = 0 WHERE ip = '$value'"; return mysql_query($q, $this->connection); } function tgl_get_user_info($username){ $q = "SELECT * FROM ".TBL_USERS." WHERE username = '$username'"; $result = mysql_query($q, $this->connection); /* Error occurred, return given name by default */ if(!$result || (mysql_numrows($result) < 1)){ return NULL; } /* Return result array */ $dbarray = mysql_fetch_array($result); return $dbarray; } function tgl_display_users(){ $q = "SELECT username,password " ."FROM ".TBL_USERS." ORDER BY username"; $result = mysql_query($q, $this->connection); $num_rows = mysql_numrows($result); if($num_rows == 0){ echo "Users table is empty"; return; } echo "<p><table align=\"left\" border=\"1px solid black\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n"; echo "<tr><td class=\"tgl_table_head_prop\"> Username </td><td class=\"tgl_table_head_prop\"> Password </td></tr>\n"; for($i=0; $i<$num_rows; $i++){ $uname = mysql_result($result,$i,"username"); $upass = mysql_result($result,$i,"password"); echo "<tr><td class=\"tgl_table_prop\">$uname</td><td class=\"tgl_table_prop\">$upass</td></tr>\n"; } echo "</table></p><br>\n"; } function tgl_display_user_attempts($value){ $q = "SELECT ip, attempts,lastlogin " ."FROM ".TBL_ATTEMPTS." WHERE ip = '$value' ORDER BY lastlogin"; $result = mysql_query($q, $this->connection); $num_rows = mysql_numrows($result); if($num_rows == 0){ echo "No Login Attempts"; return; } echo "<p><table align=\"left\" border=\"1px solid black\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n"; echo "<tr><td class=\"tgl_table_head_prop\"> IP Address </td><td class=\"tgl_table_head_prop\"> Attempts </td><td class=\"tgl_table_head_prop\"> Last Login </td></tr>\n"; for($i=0; $i<$num_rows; $i++){ $uip = mysql_result($result,$i,"ip"); $uattempt = mysql_result($result,$i,"attempts"); $ulogin = mysql_result($result,$i,"lastlogin"); echo "<tr><td class=\"tgl_table_prop\">$uip</td><td class=\"tgl_table_prop\">$uattempt</td><td class=\"tgl_table_prop\">$ulogin</td></tr>\n"; } echo "</table></p><br>\n"; } }; /* Create database connection */ $database = new TGL_MySQLDB; ?>
tg_form.php
<?php class tgl_user_form{ //form values var $values = array(); //error messages var $errors = array(); //number of errors var $num_errors; function tgl_user_form(){ if(isset($_SESSION['tgl_value_array']) && isset($_SESSION['tgl_error_array'])){ $this->values = $_SESSION['tgl_value_array']; $this->errors = $_SESSION['tgl_error_array']; $this->num_errors = count($this->errors); unset($_SESSION['tgl_value_array']); unset($_SESSION['tgl_error_array']); } else{ $this->num_errors = 0; } } function setError($error_type, $errmsg){ $this->errors[$error_type] = $errmsg; $this->num_errors = count($this->errors); } function value($field){ if(array_key_exists($field,$this->values)){ return htmlspecialchars(stripslashes($this->values[$field])); }else{ return ""; } } function error($error_type){ if(array_key_exists($error_type,$this->errors)){ return "<font size=\"2\" color=\"#ff0000\">".$this->errors[$error_type]."</font>"; }else{ return ""; } } function getErrorArray(){ return $this->errors; } }; ?>
tg_session.php
<?php include("tg_database.php"); include("tg_form.php"); class tgl_user_session{ //User Name var $username; //User ID var $userid; //User Level var $userlevel; //User Time var $time; //User Status var $logged_in; //User Info var $userinfo = array(); //Page URL var $url; //Site page var $referrer; //Remote IP address var $ip; function tgl_user_session(){ $this->ip = $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]; $this->time = time(); $this->tgl_start_user_session(); } function tgl_start_user_session(){ global $database; session_start(); /* check - logged in */ $this->logged_in = $this->tgl_check_user_login(); /* referrer page */ if(isset($_SESSION['url'])){ $this->referrer = $_SESSION['url']; }else{ $this->referrer = "/"; } /* current url */ $this->url = $_SESSION['url'] = $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; } function tgl_check_user_login(){ global $database; /* Check - remember me */ if(isset($_COOKIE['cookname'])){ $this->username = $_SESSION['username'] = $_COOKIE['cookname']; } if(isset($_SESSION['username'])){ if($database->tgl_confirm_user_name($_SESSION['username']) != 0){ unset($_SESSION['username']); return false; } $this->userinfo = $database->tgl_get_user_info($_SESSION['username']); $this->username = $this->userinfo['username']; return true; } else{ return false; } } function tgl_login($subuser, $subpass, $subremember){ global $database, $form; /* Checks - IP Address */ $result = $database->tgl_confirm_ip_address($this->ip); if($result == 1){ $error_type = "access"; $form->setError($error_type, "Access denied for ".TIME_PERIOD." minutes"); } /* Check - Form Errors */ if($form->num_errors > 0){ return false; } $error_type = "attempt"; /* Check -Username and password */ if(!$subuser || !$subpass || strlen($subuser = trim($subuser)) == 0){ $form->setError($error_type, "Username or password not entered"); } if($form->num_errors > 0){ return false; } /* Check - username and password is correct */ $subuser = stripslashes($subuser); $result = $database->tgl_confirm_user_pass($subuser, $subpass); if($result == 1){ $form->setError($error_type, "Invalid username or password."); $database->tgl_add_login_attempt($this->ip); } if($form->num_errors > 0){ return false; } /* Register Session variables */ $this->userinfo = $database->tgl_get_user_info($subuser); $this->username = $_SESSION['username'] = $this->userinfo['username']; /* Clear login attempts */ $database->tgl_clear_login_attempts($this->ip); if($subremember){ setcookie("cookname", $this->username, time()+COOKIE_EXPIRE, COOKIE_PATH); } /* Login successfull */ return true; } function tgl_logout(){ global $database; if(isset($_COOKIE['cookname'])){ setcookie("cookname", "", time()-COOKIE_EXPIRE, COOKIE_PATH); } unset($_SESSION['username']); $this->logged_in = false; } }; /* Initialize session object */ $session = new tgl_user_session; /* Initialize form object */ $form = new tgl_user_form; ?>
Step 5 – Display Output
Now, open your browser and hit url – http://localhost/login-page
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